Cofactors & Vitamins
Essential cofactors, coenzymes, vitamins, and metal ions required for enzyme function including NAD+, ATP, FAD, and coenzyme A.
Cofactors & Vitamins
Essential cofactors, coenzymes, vitamins, and metal ions required for enzyme function including NAD+, ATP, FAD, and coenzyme A.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, used to drive endergonic reactions through hydrolysis of its high-energy phosphate bonds.
FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide)
FAD is a redox cofactor derived from riboflavin (vitamin B2) that accepts two electrons and two protons to form FADH2 in metabolic reactions.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
NAD+ is a coenzyme that functions as an electron carrier in redox reactions, accepting hydride ions to form NADH. It plays a central role in cellular metabolism.